Benarkah honor killing adalah aktualisasi ajaran Islam?

Sepengetahuan saya tidak ada ayat Quran yang menyinggung atau menganjurkan "honor killing".

Pendapat-pendapat berikut mungkin bisa dijadikan rujukan:

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/02/0212_020212_honorkilling_2.html
There is nothing in the Koran, the book of basic Islamic teachings, that
permits or sanctions honor killings. However, the view of women as
property with no rights of their own is deeply rooted in Islamic
culture, Tahira Shahid Khan, a professor specializing in women's issues
at the Aga Khan University in Pakistan, wrote in Chained to Custom, a review of honor killings published in 1999.

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/02/0212_020212_honorkilling.html
In India, for example, more than 5,000 brides die annually because their
dowries are considered insufficient, according to the United Nations
Children's Fund (UNICEF). Crimes of passion, which are treated extremely
leniently in Latin America, are the same thing with a different name,
some rights advocates say.

http://www.meforum.org/2067/are-honor-killings-simply-domestic-violence

Islamist advocacy organizations, however, argue that such killings
have nothing to do with Islam or Muslims, that domestic violence cuts
across all faiths, and that the phrase "honor killing" stigmatizes
Muslims whose behavior is no different than that of non-Muslims. For
example, in response to a well-publicized 2000 honor killing, SoundVision.com, an Islamic information and products site, published an article that argued,


Four other women were killed in Chicago in the same month ... They
were white, African-American, Hispanic, and Asian … Islam is not
responsible for [the Muslim woman's] death. Nor is Christianity
responsible for the deaths of the other women.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_killing
In Brazil, among rural regions but even in the metropolis, non-heterosexual children, especially boys or transgirls, can be killed if disclosed. It has roots in a more virulent version of Latin American machismo.
However, it is more common for them to suffer some psychological and
physical abuse without deadly consequences, be driven from their homes
or be accepted, in varying degrees. People with higher educational
levels, higher income, younger, female (most of non-heterosexual
Brazilians receive violence mainly from their fathers when it does
occur), residents of urban areas, irreligious persons, non-Christian
religious minorities or Christians who are European or Asian descendants
and Roman Catholics who are Afro-descendants, and people from the Southern, Southeastern and Central-Western
regions, tend to better accept non-heterosexual children than other
Brazilians. Anyway, the first time a non-heterosexual Brazilian suffers homophobia, biphobia or transphobia tends to be within the family among all social groups. Feminist groups characterize the dominant societal attitudes in Brazil as deeply sexist and homophobic, and this would be the reason for an abnormal number compared to more developed countries of non-heterosexual youth suffering bullying or committing suicide,
and there is a number of homophobic extermination gangs even in regions
where far-right and white supremacist groups being unimaginable. Brazil
is already in #2 place of this kind of movement in Latin America after Argentina.
Since this kind of violence which is usually motivated by extremist
ideologies appears to have come with great strength and very quickly to
the country despite its limitations within globalization and its unique
features, homophobic extermination groups may have originated in a very
homophobic culture native to Brazilian society.

Men can also be the victims of honor killings by members of the
family of a woman with whom they are perceived to have an inappropriate
relationship

North America


Canada


A 2007 study by Dr. Amin Muhammad and Dr. Sujay Patel of Memorial University, Canada,
investigated how the practice of honor killings has been brought to
Canada. The report explained that "[w]hen people come and settle in
Canada they can bring their traditions and forcefully follow them. In
some cultures, people feel some boundaries are never to be crossed, and
if someone would violate those practices or go against it, then killing
is justified to them." The report noted that "In different cultures,
they can get away without being punished—the courts actually sanction
them under religious contexts". The report also said that the people who
commit these crimes are usually mentally ill, and that the mental
health aspect is often ignored by Western observers because of a lack of
understanding of the insufficiently developed state of mental
healthcare in developing countries in which honor killings are
prevalent.^[43]

United States

Main article: Honor killing in the United States

A 2009 study by Phyllis Chesler in Middle East Quarterly
argues that the United States is far behind Europe in acknowledging
that honor killings are a special form of domestic violence, requiring
special training and special programs to protect the young women and
girls most likely to be the victim of such practices. The article
suggests that the fear of being labeled "culturally insensitive" often
prevents government officials in the United States and the media from
identifying and accurately reporting these incidents as "honor killings"
when they occur. Failing to accurately describe the problem makes it
more difficult to develop public policies to address it

India


Honor killings have been reported in northern regions of India, mainly in the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, as a result of people marrying without their family's acceptance, and sometimes for marrying outside their caste or religion. In contrast, honor killings are rare to non-existent in South India and the western Indian states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. In some other parts of India, notably West Bengal, honor killings ceased about a century ago, largely due to the activism and influence of reformists such as Vivekananda, Ramakrishna, Vidyasagar and Raja Ram Mohan Roy.^[56]

Among Rajputs,
marriages with members of other castes can provoke the killing of the
married couple and immediate family members. This form of honor killing
is attributed^[who?] to Rajput culture and traditional views on the perceived "purity" of a lineage.

The Indian state of Punjab
has a large number of honor killings. According to data compiled by the
Punjab Police, 34 honor killings were reported in the state between
2008 and 2010: 10 in 2008, 20 in 2009, and four in 2010 .^[57]

Haryana and Uttarakhand
are also notoriously known for incidents of honor killing which is
mainly happens in the upper cast of society mainly rajputs and jaats.^[16][58] Bhagalpur in the northern Indian state of Bihar has also been notorious for honor killings.^[59] Recent cases include a 16-year-old girl, Imrana, from Bhojpur
who was set on fire inside her house in a case of what the police
called ‘moral vigilantism’. The victim had screamed for help for about
20 minutes before neighbours arrived, only to find her still smoldering.
She was admitted to a local hospital, where she later died from her
injuries.^[60] In May 2008, Jayvirsingh Bhadodiya shot his daughter Vandana Bhadodiya and struck her on the head with an axe.^[61]

In a landmark judgment in March 2010, Karnal district court ordered the execution of the five perpetrators of an honor killing in Kaithal, and imprisoning for life
the khap (local caste-based council) head who ordered the killings of
Manoj Banwala (23) and Babli (19), a man and woman of the same clan who
eloped and married in June 2007. Despite having been given police
protection on court orders, they were kidnapped; their mutilated bodies
were found a week later in an irrigation canal.^[62][63][64]

In 1990 the National Commission for Women
set up a statutory body in order to address the issues of honor
killings among some ethnic groups in North India. This body reviewed constitutional, legal
and other provisions as well as challenges women face. The NCW's
activism has contributed significantly towards the reduction of honor
killings in rural areas of North India.^[65] According to Pakistani activists Hina Jilani and Eman M. Ahmed, Indian women are considerably better protected against honor killings by Indian law
and government than Pakistani women, and they have suggested that
governments of countries affected by honor killings use Indian law as a
model in order to prevent honor killings in their respective societies.^[55]

In June 2010, scrutinizing the increasing number of honor killings, the Supreme Court of India issued notices to the Central Government and six states including Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan to take preventive measures against honor killings.^[66]

Alarmed by the rise of honor killings, the Government planned to bring a bill in the Monsoon Session of Parliament July 2010^{[dated info]} to provide for deterrent punishment for 'honor' killings

Ternyata honor killing tidak hanya terjadi di negara-negara Islam tapi lebih ke "masalah" internasional.

Jika di Quran, sejauh pengetahuan saya, tidak menyinggung honor killing, mari kita tengok di kitab-kitab yang lain:


Honor Killing and female infanticide come from Pagan-Hindu-Judio-Christian traditions. Here is a solid evidence of honor killing from the Bible:

"For God said, 'Honor your father and mother' and 'Anyone who curses their father or mother is to be put to death.'" [Matthew 15]

Here are a couple of verses from Vedas that may encourage people to kill their daughters:

"O Husband protect the son to be born. Do not make him a women." [Atharva-Veda 2:3:23]

"Almighty God, you have created this womb. Women may be born somewhere else but sons should be born from this womb." [Atharva-Veda 6]

Veda Vyasa's Mahabharatha teaches us that all the Kauravas were killed because they humiliated Draupadi in public.


One can find many such verses in Hindu scriptures. According to Vedas, women are supposed to pay dowry to men. Moreover, according to Hindu tradition, only sons are supposed to fire up the funeral pyre of their parents.

# Bunuh anak kecil yang membangkang kepada orang tua

kejadian 21:18-23

21:18. "Apabila seseorang mempunyai anak laki-laki yang degil dan membangkang, yang tidak mau mendengarkan perkataan ayahnya dan ibunya, dan walaupun mereka menghajar dia, tidak juga ia mendengarkan mereka, 21:19 maka haruslah ayahnya dan ibunya memegang dia dan membawa dia keluar kepada para tua-tua kotanya di pintu gerbang tempat kediamannya, 21:20 dan harus berkata kepada para tua-tua kotanya: Anak kami ini degil dan membangkang, ia tidak mau mendengarkan perkataan kami, ia seorang pelahap dan peminum. 21:21 Maka haruslah semua orang sekotanya melempari anak itu dengan batu, sehingga ia mati.


# bunuh gadis yang telah berzina dengan orang lain

ulangan 22:21-25

22:21 maka haruslah si gadis dibawa ke luar ke depan pintu rumah ayahnya, dan orang-orang sekotanya haruslah melempari dia dengan batu, sehingga mati--sebab dia telah menodai orang Israel dengan bersundal di rumah ayahnya. Demikianlah harus kauhapuskan yang jahat itu dari tengah-tengahmu.


On the contrary, there is no such verse in the Quran (or even in Hadiths) nor there is any Islamic tradition that may encourage people to kill their daughters. In fact, female infanticide and killing children are directly forbidden in the Quran:

"When news is brought to one of them, of (the birth of) a female (child), his face darkens, and he is filled with inward grief! With shame does he hide himself from his people, because of the bad news he has had! Shall he retain it on (sufferance and) contempt, or bury it in the dust? Ah! what an evil (choice) they decide on?" [Quran 16:58-59]

"The girl who was buried alive is asked: For what crime was she killed?" [Quran 81:8-9]

"You shall not kill your children due to fear of poverty. We provide for them, as well as for you. Killing them is a gross offense."
[Quran 17:31]

answering-ff wrote:Sepengetahuan saya tidak ada ayat Quran yang menyinggung atau menganjurkan "honor killing".

Pendapat-pendapat berikut mungkin bisa dijadikan rujukan:

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/02/0212_020212_honorkilling_2.html
There is nothing in the Koran, the book of basic Islamic teachings, that
permits or sanctions honor killings. However, the view of women as
property with no rights of their own is deeply rooted in Islamic
culture, Tahira Shahid Khan, a professor specializing in women's issues
at the Aga Khan University in Pakistan, wrote in Chained to Custom, a review of honor killings published in 1999.

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/02/0212_020212_honorkilling.html
In India, for example, more than 5,000 brides die annually because their
dowries are considered insufficient, according to the United Nations
Children's Fund (UNICEF). Crimes of passion, which are treated extremely
leniently in Latin America, are the same thing with a different name,
some rights advocates say.

http://www.meforum.org/2067/are-honor-killings-simply-domestic-violence

Islamist advocacy organizations, however, argue that such killings
have nothing to do with Islam or Muslims, that domestic violence cuts
across all faiths, and that the phrase "honor killing" stigmatizes
Muslims whose behavior is no different than that of non-Muslims. For
example, in response to a well-publicized 2000 honor killing, SoundVision.com, an Islamic information and products site, published an article that argued,


Four other women were killed in Chicago in the same month ... They
were white, African-American, Hispanic, and Asian … Islam is not
responsible for [the Muslim woman's] death. Nor is Christianity
responsible for the deaths of the other women.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_killing
In Brazil, among rural regions but even in the metropolis, non-heterosexual children, especially boys or transgirls, can be killed if disclosed. It has roots in a more virulent version of Latin American machismo.
However, it is more common for them to suffer some psychological and
physical abuse without deadly consequences, be driven from their homes
or be accepted, in varying degrees. People with higher educational
levels, higher income, younger, female (most of non-heterosexual
Brazilians receive violence mainly from their fathers when it does
occur), residents of urban areas, irreligious persons, non-Christian
religious minorities or Christians who are European or Asian descendants
and Roman Catholics who are Afro-descendants, and people from the Southern, Southeastern and Central-Western
regions, tend to better accept non-heterosexual children than other
Brazilians. Anyway, the first time a non-heterosexual Brazilian suffers homophobia, biphobia or transphobia tends to be within the family among all social groups. Feminist groups characterize the dominant societal attitudes in Brazil as deeply sexist and homophobic, and this would be the reason for an abnormal number compared to more developed countries of non-heterosexual youth suffering bullying or committing suicide,
and there is a number of homophobic extermination gangs even in regions
where far-right and white supremacist groups being unimaginable. Brazil
is already in #2 place of this kind of movement in Latin America after Argentina.
Since this kind of violence which is usually motivated by extremist
ideologies appears to have come with great strength and very quickly to
the country despite its limitations within globalization and its unique
features, homophobic extermination groups may have originated in a very
homophobic culture native to Brazilian society.

Men can also be the victims of honor killings by members of the
family of a woman with whom they are perceived to have an inappropriate
relationship

North America


Canada


A 2007 study by Dr. Amin Muhammad and Dr. Sujay Patel of Memorial University, Canada,
investigated how the practice of honor killings has been brought to
Canada. The report explained that "[w]hen people come and settle in
Canada they can bring their traditions and forcefully follow them. In
some cultures, people feel some boundaries are never to be crossed, and
if someone would violate those practices or go against it, then killing
is justified to them." The report noted that "In different cultures,
they can get away without being punished—the courts actually sanction
them under religious contexts". The report also said that the people who
commit these crimes are usually mentally ill, and that the mental
health aspect is often ignored by Western observers because of a lack of
understanding of the insufficiently developed state of mental
healthcare in developing countries in which honor killings are
prevalent.^[43]

United States

Main article: Honor killing in the United States

A 2009 study by Phyllis Chesler in Middle East Quarterly
argues that the United States is far behind Europe in acknowledging
that honor killings are a special form of domestic violence, requiring
special training and special programs to protect the young women and
girls most likely to be the victim of such practices. The article
suggests that the fear of being labeled "culturally insensitive" often
prevents government officials in the United States and the media from
identifying and accurately reporting these incidents as "honor killings"
when they occur. Failing to accurately describe the problem makes it
more difficult to develop public policies to address it

India


Honor killings have been reported in northern regions of India, mainly in the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, as a result of people marrying without their family's acceptance, and sometimes for marrying outside their caste or religion. In contrast, honor killings are rare to non-existent in South India and the western Indian states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. In some other parts of India, notably West Bengal, honor killings ceased about a century ago, largely due to the activism and influence of reformists such as Vivekananda, Ramakrishna, Vidyasagar and Raja Ram Mohan Roy.^[56]

Among Rajputs,
marriages with members of other castes can provoke the killing of the
married couple and immediate family members. This form of honor killing
is attributed^[who?] to Rajput culture and traditional views on the perceived "purity" of a lineage.

The Indian state of Punjab
has a large number of honor killings. According to data compiled by the
Punjab Police, 34 honor killings were reported in the state between
2008 and 2010: 10 in 2008, 20 in 2009, and four in 2010 .^[57]

Haryana and Uttarakhand
are also notoriously known for incidents of honor killing which is
mainly happens in the upper cast of society mainly rajputs and jaats.^[16][58] Bhagalpur in the northern Indian state of Bihar has also been notorious for honor killings.^[59] Recent cases include a 16-year-old girl, Imrana, from Bhojpur
who was set on fire inside her house in a case of what the police
called ‘moral vigilantism’. The victim had screamed for help for about
20 minutes before neighbours arrived, only to find her still smoldering.
She was admitted to a local hospital, where she later died from her
injuries.^[60] In May 2008, Jayvirsingh Bhadodiya shot his daughter Vandana Bhadodiya and struck her on the head with an axe.^[61]

In a landmark judgment in March 2010, Karnal district court ordered the execution of the five perpetrators of an honor killing in Kaithal, and imprisoning for life
the khap (local caste-based council) head who ordered the killings of
Manoj Banwala (23) and Babli (19), a man and woman of the same clan who
eloped and married in June 2007. Despite having been given police
protection on court orders, they were kidnapped; their mutilated bodies
were found a week later in an irrigation canal.^[62][63][64]

In 1990 the National Commission for Women
set up a statutory body in order to address the issues of honor
killings among some ethnic groups in North India. This body reviewed constitutional, legal
and other provisions as well as challenges women face. The NCW's
activism has contributed significantly towards the reduction of honor
killings in rural areas of North India.^[65] According to Pakistani activists Hina Jilani and Eman M. Ahmed, Indian women are considerably better protected against honor killings by Indian law
and government than Pakistani women, and they have suggested that
governments of countries affected by honor killings use Indian law as a
model in order to prevent honor killings in their respective societies.^[55]

In June 2010, scrutinizing the increasing number of honor killings, the Supreme Court of India issued notices to the Central Government and six states including Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan to take preventive measures against honor killings.^[66]

Alarmed by the rise of honor killings, the Government planned to bring a bill in the Monsoon Session of Parliament July 2010^{[dated info]} to provide for deterrent punishment for 'honor' killings

Ternyata honor killing tidak hanya terjadi di negara-negara Islam tapi lebih ke "masalah" internasional.

Jika di Quran, sejauh pengetahuan saya, tidak menyinggung honor killing, mari kita tengok di kitab-kitab yang lain:


Honor Killing and female infanticide come from Pagan-Hindu-Judio-Christian traditions. Here is a solid evidence of honor killing from the Bible:

"For God said, 'Honor your father and mother' and 'Anyone who curses their father or mother is to be put to death.'" [Matthew 15]

Here are a couple of verses from Vedas that may encourage people to kill their daughters:

"O Husband protect the son to be born. Do not make him a women." [Atharva-Veda 2:3:23]

"Almighty God, you have created this womb. Women may be born somewhere else but sons should be born from this womb." [Atharva-Veda 6]

Veda Vyasa's Mahabharatha teaches us that all the Kauravas were killed because they humiliated Draupadi in public.


One can find many such verses in Hindu scriptures. According to Vedas, women are supposed to pay dowry to men. Moreover, according to Hindu tradition, only sons are supposed to fire up the funeral pyre of their parents.

# Bunuh anak kecil yang membangkang kepada orang tua

kejadian 21:18-23

21:18. "Apabila seseorang mempunyai anak laki-laki yang degil dan membangkang, yang tidak mau mendengarkan perkataan ayahnya dan ibunya, dan walaupun mereka menghajar dia, tidak juga ia mendengarkan mereka, 21:19 maka haruslah ayahnya dan ibunya memegang dia dan membawa dia keluar kepada para tua-tua kotanya di pintu gerbang tempat kediamannya, 21:20 dan harus berkata kepada para tua-tua kotanya: Anak kami ini degil dan membangkang, ia tidak mau mendengarkan perkataan kami, ia seorang pelahap dan peminum. 21:21 Maka haruslah semua orang sekotanya melempari anak itu dengan batu, sehingga ia mati.


# bunuh gadis yang telah berzina dengan orang lain

ulangan 22:21-25

22:21 maka haruslah si gadis dibawa ke luar ke depan pintu rumah ayahnya, dan orang-orang sekotanya haruslah melempari dia dengan batu, sehingga mati--sebab dia telah menodai orang Israel dengan bersundal di rumah ayahnya. Demikianlah harus kauhapuskan yang jahat itu dari tengah-tengahmu.


On the contrary, there is no such verse in the Quran (or even in Hadiths) nor there is any Islamic tradition that may encourage people to kill their daughters. In fact, female infanticide and killing children are directly forbidden in the Quran:

"When news is brought to one of them, of (the birth of) a female (child), his face darkens, and he is filled with inward grief! With shame does he hide himself from his people, because of the bad news he has had! Shall he retain it on (sufferance and) contempt, or bury it in the dust? Ah! what an evil (choice) they decide on?" [Quran 16-59]

"The girl who was buried alive is asked: For what crime was she killed?" [Quran 81-9]

"You shall not kill your children due to fear of poverty. We provide for them, as well as for you. Killing them is a gross offense."
[Quran 17]

Benarkah honor killing adalah aktualisasi ajaran Islam?

HARUS DIAKUI BAHWA DI DALAM ALKITAB PERJANJIAN LAMA JUGA TERJADI PENGHUKUMAN2 (HONOR KILLING) ATAS ORANG2 YANG BERZINAH ATAU KARENA SEORANG ANAK YANG PEMBANGKANG DAN DEGIL, SEORANG PELAHAP DAN PEMINUM NAMUN YANG PADA DASARNYA ADALAH KARENA TUNTUTAN HUKUM TAURAT YANG LEBIH DARI SEKADAR MEMPERTAHANKAN GENGSI/KEHORMATAN KELUARGA; BAGAIMANAPUN HAL; INI BERBEDA DENGAN APA YANG DIAJARKAN ALQURAN DIMANA SELAIN HONOR KILLING DILAKUKAN ATAS PEREMPUAN2 YANG BERZINAH TETAPI JUGA DILAKUKAN TERHADAP SEMUA MUSUH ISLAM YAITU DENGAN MELAKSANAKAN BOM BUNUH DIRI SEBAGAIMANA YANG TELAH SAYA COPAS DI BAWAH INI:


Dictums of Quran and Hadiths which may dictate/incite honor killing:
Quran- 4:15 “If any of your women are guilty of lewdness, take the evidence of four (reliable) witness from amongst you against them; if they testify, confine them to houses until death do claim them. Or God ordain for them some (other) way.”

Sahi Bukhari: 8:6814:
Narrated Jabir bin Abdullah al-Ansari: “A man from the tribe of Bani Aslam came to Allah’s Messenger [Muhammad] and informed him that he had committed illegal sexual intercourse; and he bore witness four times against himself. Allah’s Messenger ordered him to be stoned to death as he was a married person.”

Judging everything I have described in this essay, one can very genuinely lead to the conclusion that ‘honor killing’ is indeed the vice of Islam. Islam has much to do with honor killing practices which only do exist amongst the Muslims of the world. Had it been un-Islamic practice, we would have seen some Muslim nations prohibiting such cruel practice by Sharia law. We have not seen any Muslim country did enact any such law to curve honor killing. We have seen innumerable cases of fatwas by Mullahs to prohibit alcohol drinking, pork eating or listening western music; but never ever heard any such fatwa against honor killing. Rather, honor killing has silent support from the devout Islamists of all kinds. Islamists condone honor killing silently! No wonder that the Al Skudsi bin Hookah (reported of Gazagejeera) so passionately said: “So there's no point saying honor killing isn't really part of our religion. Honor and Islam are inextricably bound; they are what give our life meaning. A strong religion demands we choose to maintain our honor.”

Suicide Bombing as Worship
Dimensions of Jihad
by Denis MacEoin
Middle East Quarterly
Many motives are cited for suicide bombings, from religious sanctification to revenge for Western foreign policy to hatred of Israel, but one thing ties them together: the boast that Muslims love death, whereas their enemies love life. From killing the infidel enemy through suicide attacks, to allowing the subordinate female to participate in suicide attacks, a pattern emerges. And just as honor killings are a perversion of the most basic of human ties, so love for martyrdom takes societies into a direct relationship with the darkest side of human nature. In trying to explain this, it may be feasible to identify routes to a possible solution.
Origins
Since the 1980s, killing oneself deliberately has become the most popular method of attacking and killing one's enemies in countries including Iraq and Afghanistan, in territories such as Chechnya or the West Bank and Gaza, and even in Western countries such as the United States and Great Britain. It was a real-life Shi'i fanatic, a thirteen-year-old boy called Hossein Fahmideh, who set things moving in 1981 when he died with a grenade in his hand, throwing himself under a tank during the Iran-Iraq war. He was followed by thousands of young Iranians carrying "keys to paradise," who walked and ran across minefields, ripping their bodies apart for God and the Islamic regime.[1] Two years later, the first suicide attack occurred against a Western target when a bomber drove a vehicle packed with explosives into the lobby of the American embassy in Beirut. Apart from himself, he killed 63 people: 32 Lebanese, 17 Americans, and 14 visitors. Iran denied all involvement in the attack, but its protégé, Hezbollah, soon claimed responsibility, and it was subsequently established that the killings had been approved and financed by senior Iranian officials. The Iranian role in many subsequent suicide bombings has been crucial, given the existence of a clerical elite that inherited a deeply-embedded Shi'i cult of martyrdom, whose traditions of flagellation, public weeping, passion plays, martyrdom sermons, and hagiographies of martyrs were pushed into overdrive after the revolution of 1979.
An Islamic Paradox
By 2008, 1,121 suicide bombers had carried out attacks in Iraq, killing on a massive scale. With the exception of Sri Lanka, where the Tamil Tigers used the tactic, suicide bombing has become an almost exclusively Islamic phenomenon. Whether religiously observant or driven by other motives, the bombers have been Muslims, regardless of their country of origin. Even Muslims raised and educated in non-Muslim countries (like Britain's 7/7 bombers) and exposed to cultures without overt jihadi propaganda have put on explosive belts and gone to their deaths in order to kill nonbelievers. Apart from their Islamic roots, these terrorists display a wide range of characteristics. Many have been young men, some of whom were mentally disabled, while others were very bright, some uneducated, others university graduates; a growing number are women, mostly young, some old, some virgins, others pregnant or mothers. Many have belonged to terrorist groups such as Hamas and have been indoctrinated in Islamist thought, anti-Semitism, or general hatred of the West. Others have been volunteers seeking to expiate sins or retrieve the honor of their families.
Yet suicide bombing involves a paradox within Islam. On the one hand, laws relating to jihad unambiguously state that fighters must not take the lives of noncombatants, such as women, children, the sick, or the elderly. At the same time, anyone who dies while fighting non-Muslims is considered a martyr and guaranteed the highest rank in paradise. How do Islamists get round this problem? Some may shut their eyes and get on with it, but others come face to face with the paradox by dividing the problem into bite-size pieces. Clerics sanctify the bombers in their sermons, organizations including Hamas and Islamic Jihad identify and celebrate them as fighters in the jihad, and foreign donors provide aid that is siphoned off to the families of the martyrs.[2]
Whatever the private motivation of the suicide bomber, his or her action is rooted in much broader national, communal or, above all, religious demands, pressures, and desires. These range from religious convictions and edicts to concepts of holy war and martyrdom to conflicts over issues of shame and honor to social constructs of sexuality. Most importantly, the bombings have nothing to do with suicide. Nor are they described as such by those who send the bombers out and those who immolate themselves. To make it easier to understand what modern Islamist suicide bombing is about, we need to examine its historical background, its religious/nationalist role in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and its psychological and cultural roots in the Arab and Islamic interpretation of women, sexuality, shame, and honor.
Muhammad's Sayings and Actions
The Qur'an contains numerous exhortations to violent action[18] and promises a divine reward for those who die fighting in God's path, but it does not make martyrdom into the religious goal it soon became. It is in the literature of Muhammad's sayings and doings that warfare and martyrdom are emphasized together.
Both the Hadith—the vast corpus of "eyewitness" statements about what Muhammad did or said, second in holiness only to the Qur'an—and the earliest writings featuring the biography of Muhammad and his companions display a significant concern with fighting. The Hadith compilations invariably have a section entitled "The Book of Jihad," in which snippets from actual combat with non-Muslims jostle with instructions on how to wage war. The books of biography are originally called Kitab al-Maghazi,[19] the Book of Raids, meaning the raids and battles in which Muhammad was personally involved or which he ordered carried out. In other words, we are in a realm far less abstract than that of the Qur'an, on a landscape in which real men fought in real encounters with real enemies.
This is the world of the martyr, the ever-present battlefield in Muhammad's lifetime and in the years that followed when Arab armies clashed with their Byzantine, Persian, and other foes across North Africa, the Middle East, and far beyond. The warrior-martyr is born on these battlefields and in the martial deeds of Muhammad, not in the text of the Qur'an. The Qur'an prescribes violence against nonbelievers and sets jihad in motion, providing a context for the holy warrior; but that warrior only becomes flesh when riding out to battle beside Muhammad, and only takes on the mantle of martyrdom in death at the hands of the infidel and in the words of the prophet that confer that status on him and those that come in his train.
We read in the Sahih Muslim, one of the two most sacred texts after the Qur'an, of fighters picking up their swords and wading into battle:
The tradition has been narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah b. Qais. He heard it from his father who, while facing the enemy, reported that the Messenger of Allah said: Surely, the gates of Paradise are under the shadows of the swords. A man in a shabby condition got up and said; Abu Musa, did you hear the Messenger of Allah say this? He said: Yes. (The narrator said): He returned to his friends and said his farewells. Then he broke the sheath of his sword, threw it away, advanced with his sword towards the enemy and fought with it until he was slain.[20]
This behavior is very different from that of the Norse berserkers,[21] who entered battle in a rage, foaming at the mouth and laying waste everyone in their path. The mujahid in this and other hadith reaches a decision based on confirmation of Muhammad's promise of paradise. This echoes the cool, almost detached manner with which the modern suicide bomber goes to work. He or she may make a video in advance, in which a reasoned statement of justification and intent is provided for posterity. The sword has become a suicide belt, but the fighter is still a martyr. A famous hadith proclaims that "Paradise lies beneath the shades of swords" (al-Bukhari 4:73). Today, it lies beneath the shades of suicide belts.




[b]

@barabasmurtad yg OOT!

Ayat Quran n hadis lu diatas gak berkaitan dengan honor killing (tebusan kehormatan) atas sebuah substansi "penodaan" dalam suatu keluarga, tapi sebuah hukuman atas "penjahat/pendosa" di masyarakat.


Honor killing di perjanjian baru!

"For God said, 'Honor your father and mother' and 'Anyone who curses their father or mother is to be put to death.'" [Matthew 15]